This study explores the motivational components within teacher rating systems and their impact on professional growth motivation. Employing a systematic review approach, it investigates texts pertaining to teacher rating systems, motivation, and professional development literature. By examining various texts and research findings on teacher motivation, factors influencing teacher ratings based on general, specialized, and professional competencies, as well as experience, are identified. Drawing parallels with Herzberg's motivational theory, this study provides recommendations to bolster teacher motivation and job satisfaction through improvements in the rating system.

The present study has been conducted to investigate the level of teachers' satisfaction with the teachers' commemoration week programs, and with the aim of providing the optimal strategies for honoring the status of teachers. It was a survey study. The research population included all the exemplary teachers (N = 8980) in the academic year 2012 up to 2017. The research sample consisted of 368 teachers of all educational levels throughout the country who were selected through cluster sampling method. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Its content validity was confirmed through interview and getting the specialists' opinions. The questionnaire's reliability was also checked by computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 94%) which indicated the high internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire items. In this study, the mechanisms for selecting the exemplary teachers, the level of satisfaction with these mechanisms, the strengths and weaknesses of the teachers' commemoration week programs, and providing optimal strategies for it have been questioned from the perspective of the exemplary teachers. Findings indicated that the respondents have considered the welfare facilities and career promotion as the most important strengths and the lack of attention to the scientific promotion as the weaknesses of the teachers' commemoration week programs. The exemplary teachers were satisfied with the programs of the teacher's status commemoration headquarters, but their overall evaluation of the programs was average. According to the respondents, the first appropriate strategy could be the appreciation of the exemplary teachers in terms of the scientific promotion dimension. Paying more attention to the welfare facilities and job promotion could be the next appropriate strategies.

Teacher factors encompass the teachers’ cognitive and affective characteristics that are likely to affect their instructional efficacy. Language teacher immunity is one of the affective factors that determines the teachers’ psychological well-being in their settings. The present study strived to itemize the factors in novice and experienced EFL instructors’ teacher immunity philosophy. To this end, first, the researchers used convenience sampling for selecting 62 EFL teachers including 38 novice and 24 experienced teachers at ten prominent language institutes in Tabriz (Iran) as the participants. Second, they conducted 30-minute interviews with the participants for determining the factors that influenced their TI philosophy using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview protocol. Lastly, they used thematic analysis in order to particularize the main factors in their teacher immunity philosophy. The findings of the study indicated that while the novice teachers considered external support as the main factor in their philosophy, the experienced teachers regarded their internal strength as the decisive factor that influenced their teacher immunity philosophy. The findings may have practical implications for teacher education courses in foreign language contexts.

AbstractThroughout history, the phenomenon of war, as a painful reality in human life, has always been full of suffering, and therefore the international community has tried to reduce its destructive and harmful effects by enacting international humanitarian law. In the meantime, individuals, including physicians, in some cases and in violation of their professional duties and ethical principles and by abusing this dangerous situation, in violation of international rules and the basic rules of medical professional ethics and with the help of prisoners of war under the protection of international law, unusual biological experiments during armed conflicts against these people lead to severe physical and mental injuries that, in addition to tarnishing the image of medical science, lead to one of the most heinous international crimes called "medical war crimes." The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze this conceptual approach to the phenomenon of medical war crimes and to present its examples from the perspective of international regulations and distinguish it from similar concepts to provide intellectual infrastructure. Special rules are necessary to develop the protection of victims of this range of international crimes in light of current social developments.Keywords: Medical war crime, International criminal court, Rome Statute, Geneva Convention

The purpose of this study is to design a model of teacher competency in accordance with global characteristics and validate it from the viewpoint of educational experts and exemplary teachers. The research method is exploratory mixed method and the statistical population of this study is 167 experts of educational sciences and experts teachers of the city of Tehran in the academic year of 1395-96 and the sample is 114 people. 80 of them were exemplary teachers and 34 were experts in educational sciences. They were selected by stratified random sampling method. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used that was designed using qualitative content analysis method which confirmed the factual and content validity of the questionnaire was used. The reliability of the questionnaire after the preliminary implementation was calculated by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0. 98. The findings of the research show that professional competencies in five dimensions include professional knowledge (including pedagogy, communication, organizational expertise and wisdom), professional skills (including teaching skills, communication, teamwork, technology and evaluation), professional skills (Includes creative thinking capabilities, critical thinking, problem solving, mental / analytic, leadership), professional attitudes (including lifelong learning, teacher's attitude, self / positive change, progression, democracy, student-centered) and career characteristics It includes ethical, behavioral, emotional, and communication features. Chi square test showed that in all of these components, observed and expected values were significantly different. Finally, the knowledge of communicating, specialized knowledge and knowledge of self-knowledge was most important from the point of view of educators and sample teachers.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning and purpose of the "lofty houses" in verse 1 of Sura Noor. The application of this research is remarkable in the area of Friedrich's belief that despite the Wahhabism belief in the prohibition of worshiping sacred places and avoiding the blessings of the ancestors, the divine word of the places was fulfilled and consequently, the mission was honored and celebrated. This is necessary for Islamic society. Investigating the Farraginian interpretations reveals numerous facts about the houses of refinement and comparing and contrasting the Farraginian interpretations can be obtained. The result of a comparative analytical writing is that some Farragin commentators have referred to the mosque as a reference to the noble verse and have "dismissed" it as a (material) mosque building or tribute (esoteric); Also, the verse is considered to be the home of the prophets and the house of the Prophet (PBUH) Islam and his family, and they respect the respect and care of their observance and observance and protect and preserve the destruction and constant presence in their home. The.

Introduction: Children, for various reasons, are always among the most vulnerable in society. They cannot protect themselves and need to help adults including their parents, and in the case of parent's incompetence, issues including child abuse will occur. Therefore the current research was conducted to study the parent's Perspectives from child abuse. Methods: The present study was qualitative research. The statistical population, all of parents whose children were studying in primary schools in a district of Tabriz in 2018 and interview, was conducted with 31 people. The primary method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with open questions and the data were analyzed by inductive analysis of qualitative content. The validity and reliability of this study were rooted in four axes of "Credibility, Transferability, and Reconceptualization and Trustworthiness. " Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of 3 main categories, including the concept of child abuse, the range of child abuse and child abuse of deficiencies. Conclusions: Parents' awareness of the three concepts of child physical abuse, child emotional abuse, and child abuse neglected was good, but their level of knowledge about child sexual abuse was limited and focused more on its known aspects. Their emphasis on solving economic and social problems and ways to increase affection in their families reflects the depth of their attention to the roots of this problem to prevent and control it. Also, the vulnerability rate of children in the current society has increased and in particular, child sexual abuse has increased more sensitivity; therefore, the need for parents' awareness to be informed of child abuse for preventing it is felt more and more. In this regard, the role of educational Authorities such as schools and the media is significant and it is necessary to provide educational programs for parents and children in this field.

The rapid emergence and evolution of technology have greatly impacted the way people live their lives. The internet has become a vital part of our daily lives. E-commerce is a type of technology development that enables customers to buy and sell products online. It is a unique form of transaction that connects people from all around the world. Today, many consumers shop for products online and present their products along with their specifications. This is becoming more prevalent. This increases the number of consumers online, which can result in a drop in growth. This is one of the main factors that a company uses to measure its success. Growing business success is revealed with retained customers. Satisfied consumers are the assets for a growing business. The study investigates the factors that influence people's decisions when it comes to buying items online. It shows that the experiences they have while shopping online can affect their decisions. The following statistical tools were applied for this study: percentage analysis, mean score with rank correlation, and t-Test. The results reveal that the factors quality, cost, product variety, uniqueness, and safety payments were highlighted as important indicators of performance and that the companies that do online businesses had to take care of their main goal as per the proposal.

Introduction: In the current research, it has been tried to qualitatively study all kinds of policies and measures necessary for alignment between teacher preparation programs and democratic social education competencies under the model of teacher education curricula, which include: direct (official) curriculum, Indirect curriculum, informal curriculum (implicit) and unstructured curriculum (hidden) should be identified in the educational system. Method: Qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used in this research. The field of research is Farhangian University of Hormozgan and the participants are  13  lecturers of this university. The sampling method is a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis method and then using MAXQDA software... Result: The information was analyzed using the theme analysis method and then using MAXQDA software in the form of 2  overarching themes, 8 organizing themes and 25  basic themes. The results of this research showed the basic policies and measures for teacher preparation programs, in the form of two components, strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula, separated by curricula (formal, informal, informal, unstructured curriculum) and with the goal of preparing The formation of teachers has been identified in the educational system to realize the competencies of democratic social education. Conclusion: Therefore, examining the opportunities, facilities, and resources available to achieve these actions should be on the agenda of decision makers and educational planners. It is necessary to pay special attention to the strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula.